Chemistry & Materials Science

Dilution Calculator

Calculate the required initial volume, final volume, or concentrations needed to dilute a stock solution using the M1V1 = M2V2 formula.

M
mL
M
mL
Instruction
Leave exactly ONE field blank to calculate it.

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Quickly determine the exact volumes and concentrations needed to dilute a stock solution. The Dilution Calculator uses the standard M1V1=M2V2M_1V_1 = M_2V_2 equation to instantly solve for any missing variable, ensuring perfect laboratory preparations.

The Dilution Equation

Dilution involves adding solvent (usually water) to a concentrated stock solution to achieve a desired lower concentration. Because the number of moles of solute does not change during dilution, the product of molarity and volume remains constant.

M1V1=M2V2\begin{aligned} M_1 V_1 = M_2 V_2 \end{aligned}

Where:
M1M_1=
Initial Molarity (Concentration)
V1V_1=
Initial Volume
M2M_2=
Final Molarity
V2V_2=
Final Volume

How to Use

Simply leave exactly one field blank (either Initial Concentration, Initial Volume, Final Concentration, or Final Volume). The calculator will automatically solve for the empty field. Ensure your volume units match (e.g., both in mL or both in L) for accurate results.

Frequently Asked Questions

It represents the equivalence of moles before and after dilution. M1 and V1 are the molarity and volume of the initial concentrated stock solution, while M2 and V2 are the molarity and volume of the final diluted solution.

Yes! The equation works for any concentration unit (like %, ppm, or g/L) and any volume unit (like L or gallons), as long as you use the exact same units on both sides of the equation.

The equation solves for the Final Volume (V2). To find out how much water (solvent) to add, simply subtract the Initial Volume (V1) from the Final Volume (V2).

No. Dilution only adds solvent. The actual number of solute particles (moles) in the beaker remains exactly the same; they are just spread out over a larger volume.

If you need an extremely low concentration (e.g., 0.0001 M) from a highly concentrated stock (e.g., 10 M), a single dilution would require pipetting microscopic amounts. Serial dilution allows you to step down the concentration accurately in stages.