Sports Analytics & Fitness

Basketball Player Efficiency Rating (PER) Calculator

Calculate John Hollinger's Player Efficiency Rating (PER) to summarize a basketball player's total statistical contributions into a single metric.

Unadjusted Game Score / PER Proxy
21

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The Holy Grail of Box Scores

Created by ESPN analyst John Hollinger, the Player Efficiency Rating (PER) was the first major breakthrough in advanced basketball analytics. It attempts to distill all of a player's positive accomplishments (points, rebounds, assists, steals, blocks) and negative outcomes (missed shots, turnovers) into a single, comprehensive number.

By standardizing this number across the entire league, analysts finally had a way to compare the overarching impact of a point guard directly against a center.

The Linear Estimation

The true NBA PER formula is incredibly complex. It requires adjusting for the team's precise pace of play and standardizing the entire league so the average PER is exactly 15.00.

Because pace data isn't available for recreational or amateur games, this calculator uses the highly accurate Linear Game Score Approximation—a foundational piece of the PER puzzle that functions beautifully as an unadjusted, standalone efficiency metric.

The Formula

The approximation takes a simple sum of all positive box score statistics and subtracts the negative penalties.

Game Score = (PTS + REB + AST + STL + BLK) - (FGA - FGM) - (FTA - FTM) - TO

Where:
Positive Stats=
Points, Rebounds, Assists, Steals, Blocks
Negative Stats=
Missed Field Goals, Missed Free Throws, Turnovers

Interpreting the Score

  • 30.0+ : A legendary, MVP-caliber performance.
  • 20.0 to 25.0 : An All-Star level performance.
  • 15.0 : A perfectly average performance.
  • Below 10.0 : A highly inefficient, detrimental performance.

Frequently Asked Questions

Hollinger designed the formula to mathematically force the league-wide average to 15.00 every single season. This makes it instantly readable: if a player has a 20.0 PER, you know immediately they are significantly above average, regardless of what era they played in.

Yes, this is the most common criticism of PER. Because the mathematical penalty for a missed shot is slightly less severe than the reward for a made shot, a player can artificially inflate their PER simply by taking an excessive number of shots, even if they aren't highly efficient.

Barely. PER only accounts for quantifiable defensive box score stats (steals and blocks). It completely ignores elite perimeter defense, shot contesting, and proper defensive rotations, meaning defensive specialists often have terribly low PER scores.