Physics & Mechanics Calculators
Browse our comprehensive collection of 139 Physics & Mechanics calculators.
Kinematics
(36)Acceleration Calculator
Calculate the rate of acceleration of any moving object. Uses the standard kinematic formula (change in velocity divided by time).
Acoustic Resonance Calculator
Calculate the resonant frequencies of an open or closed pipe. Determine the fundamental frequency and harmonics based on tube length and the speed of sound.
Angular Acceleration Calculator
Calculate the angular acceleration of a rotating object. Find the rate of change of angular velocity over time (rad/s²).
Angular Velocity Calculator
Calculate angular velocity based on angular displacement and time. Easily convert between revolutions per minute (RPM) and radians per second.
Average Speed Calculator
Calculate average speed based on total distance and total time. Supports mph, km/h, m/s, and other common velocity units.
Bragg's Law Calculator
Calculate the diffraction of X-rays by crystal planes. Find the glancing angle, interplanar spacing, or wavelength using Bragg's Law.
Compton Scattering Calculator
Calculate the shift in wavelength of scattered X-rays or Gamma rays. Solve for the Compton shift and scattered photon energy.
Critical Angle Calculator
Calculate the critical angle of incidence above which total internal reflection occurs between two optical mediums.
De Broglie Wavelength Calculator
Calculate the wavelength associated with a massive moving particle. Explore quantum mechanics and wave-particle duality.
Decibel Calculator
Convert sound intensity or power ratios into Decibels (dB). Understand acoustics and logarithmic sound scales.
Displacement Calculator
Calculate displacement using initial velocity, time, and acceleration. Master the fundamental equations of motion.
Doppler Effect Calculator
Calculate the apparent frequency of a sound wave due to the relative motion between the source and the observer.
Free Fall Calculator
Calculate the final velocity and total distance fallen by an object in free fall under the influence of gravity.
Frequency Calculator
Calculate the number of wave cycles per second (Hertz). Solve for frequency using time period or wave velocity and wavelength.
Half-Life Calculator
Calculate the half-life of a radioactive substance, its decay constant, or the remaining quantity over time.
Hawking Radiation Temperature Calculator
Calculate the temperature of Hawking radiation emitted from a black hole based on its mass using Stephen Hawking's formula.
Index of Refraction Calculator
Calculate the refractive index of a medium based on the speed of light in a vacuum vs the speed of light in that medium.
Length Contraction Calculator
Calculate the contracted length of an object moving at relativistic speeds relative to an observer. Essential for special relativity.
Lensmaker's Equation Calculator
Calculate the focal length of a thin lens based on its curvature and the refractive index of the material.
Lorentz Factor Calculator
Calculate the Lorentz factor (γ) for a given velocity. Essential for relativistic time dilation, length contraction, and relativistic mass.
Magnification Calculator
Calculate the magnification of a lens or mirror based on object distance and image distance, or object height and image height.
Mass-Energy Equivalence (E=mc²) Calculator
Calculate the rest energy of an object based on its mass using Einstein's famous mass-energy equivalence formula.
Mirror/Lens Equation Calculator
Calculate image distance, object distance, or focal length using the standard mirror and thin lens equation.
Nuclear Binding Energy Calculator
Calculate the nuclear binding energy of a nucleus based on its mass defect. Convert atomic mass units (amu) to Mega-electron volts (MeV).
Photoelectric Effect Calculator
Calculate the maximum kinetic energy of emitted photoelectrons based on the incident photon frequency and the metal's work function.
Planck's Equation Calculator
Calculate the energy of a photon based on its frequency or wavelength using Planck's constant. Essential for quantum mechanics.
Projectile Motion Calculator
Calculate the full trajectory, maximum height, time of flight, and horizontal range of a projectile given its initial velocity and launch angle.
Radioactive Decay Calculator
Calculate the remaining amount of a radioactive substance after a given time period based on its half-life.
Schwarzschild Radius Calculator
Calculate the exact radius of the event horizon of a non-rotating black hole based on its mass.
Snell's Law Calculator
Calculate the angle of refraction as light passes between two different media. Solve optics problems using refractive indices.
Sound Intensity Calculator
Calculate the intensity of sound at a given distance from a point source. Understand inverse square law acoustic physics.
Time Dilation Calculator
Calculate the dilated time interval for an object moving at relativistic speeds relative to a stationary observer.
Velocity Calculator
Calculate velocity based on displacement and time. Solve 1D kinematics equations to find speed, distance, or time instantly.
Wave Period Calculator
Calculate the time duration of a single wave cycle (period) based on its frequency. Essential for wave kinematics and acoustics.
Wave Speed Calculator
Calculate the propagation speed of a wave based on its frequency and wavelength. Solve fundamental wave physics problems.
Wavelength Calculator
Calculate the distance between consecutive wave peaks (wavelength) given the wave speed and frequency. Ideal for optics and sound.
Astrophysics
(2)Dynamics
(22)Angular Momentum Calculator
Calculate the angular momentum of a rotating body based on its moment of inertia and angular velocity. Essential for physics mechanics problems.
Centripetal Acceleration Calculator
Calculate the centripetal acceleration of an object in circular motion. Determine the acceleration vector pointing towards the center of curvature.
Centripetal Force Calculator
Calculate the centripetal force required to keep an object moving in a circular path. Solve for force, mass, velocity, or radius.
Coefficient of Restitution Calculator
Calculate the elasticity of a collision (COR). Determine if a collision is perfectly elastic, perfectly inelastic, or partially inelastic.
Conservation of Momentum Calculator
Calculate final velocities after a simple 1D collision. Proves that the total momentum before the collision equals total momentum after.
Elastic Collision Calculator
Calculate the final velocities in a perfectly elastic 1D collision where both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved.
Friction Calculator
Calculate the force of friction between two surfaces based on the normal force and the coefficient of friction.
Impulse Calculator
Calculate the impulse applied to an object. Solve for change in momentum based on force and time interval.
Inclined Plane Calculator
Calculate the mechanical advantage, normal force, and parallel force required to move a load up or down an inclined plane.
Inelastic Collision Calculator
Calculate the final velocity and kinetic energy lost in a perfectly inelastic collision where two objects stick together.
Kinetic Friction Calculator
Calculate the kinetic friction of a moving object. Determine the force resisting motion based on the normal force and friction coefficient.
Lever Calculator
Calculate the ideal mechanical advantage, effort force, or load force of a first, second, or third class lever system.
Mechanical Advantage Calculator
Calculate the actual and ideal mechanical advantage of a simple machine based on input effort forces and output load forces.
Moment of Inertia Calculator
Calculate the moment of inertia for a solid cylinder, disk, sphere, or point mass. Determine resistance to rotational acceleration.
Newton's Second Law Calculator
Calculate Force, Mass, or Acceleration using Newton's second law of motion (F=ma). Instantly solve basic dynamics physics problems.
Pulley Calculator
Calculate the mechanical advantage and effort force required for a simple or block-and-tackle pulley system.
Screw Mechanical Advantage Calculator
Calculate the ideal mechanical advantage of a screw based on its radius and pitch. Essential for simple machine physics.
Static Friction Calculator
Calculate the maximum static friction before an object begins to move based on the normal force and static friction coefficient.
Thrust Calculator
Calculate the thrust force generated by a jet or rocket engine based on mass flow rate and exhaust velocity.
Torque Calculator
Calculate the rotational force (torque) applied to an object based on force, lever arm distance, and the angle of force.
Wedge Calculator
Calculate the ideal mechanical advantage of a wedge based on its length and thickness. A classic simple machine calculation.
Wheel and Axle Calculator
Calculate the mechanical advantage of a wheel and axle system based on the radius of the wheel and the radius of the axle.
Energy & Work
(6)Elastic Potential Energy Calculator
Calculate the potential energy stored in a compressed or stretched spring based on the spring constant and displacement.
Kinetic Energy Calculator
Calculate the kinetic energy of a moving object based on its mass and velocity. Instantly convert between Joules and other energy units.
Potential Energy Calculator
Calculate the gravitational potential energy of an object based on its mass, height, and the acceleration due to gravity.
Power Calculator
Calculate mechanical power based on work done over time. Convert instantly between Watts, Kilowatts, and Horsepower.
Rotational Kinetic Energy Calculator
Calculate the kinetic energy of a rotating object based on its moment of inertia and angular velocity.
Work Calculator
Calculate the work done by a force acting over a distance. Solve core physics equations to find Joules of work transferred.
Fluid Dynamics
(22)Archimedes Principle Calculator
Calculate the apparent weight of an object submerged in a fluid. Use Archimedes' Principle to find the buoyant force and net weight.
Bernoulli's Equation Calculator
Calculate total fluid pressure in a streamline using Bernoulli's principle. Solve for pressure, velocity, or elevation head in fluid dynamics.
Buoyancy Calculator
Calculate the exact buoyant force exerted on an object fully or partially submerged in a fluid. Based on Archimedes' principle.
Capillary Rise Calculator
Calculate the exact height a liquid rises in a capillary tube based on surface tension, contact angle, fluid density, and gravity.
Continuity Equation Calculator
Calculate fluid velocity when passing through a pipe with changing cross-sectional areas. Based on the principle of mass conservation.
Density Calculator
Calculate the density of any substance from its mass and volume. Supports kg/m³, g/cm³, and imperial units.
Drag Force Calculator
Calculate the aerodynamic drag force on an object moving through a fluid based on its drag coefficient, area, and velocity.
Flow Rate Calculator
Calculate volumetric flow rate based on cross-sectional area and fluid velocity. Ideal for pipe sizing and fluid dynamics.
Froude Number Calculator
Calculate the Froude number to determine whether flow in an open channel is subcritical, critical, or supercritical.
Hydrostatic Pressure Calculator
Calculate the pressure exerted by a fluid at a given depth based on the fluid's density and gravitational acceleration.
Knudsen Number Calculator
Calculate the Knudsen number to classify statistical mechanics of gas flows. Determine if a flow is continuous, transitional, or molecular.
Mach Number Calculator
Calculate the Mach number of an object moving through a fluid. Determine if a flow is subsonic, transonic, supersonic, or hypersonic.
Poiseuille's Law Calculator
Calculate volumetric flow rate of laminar flow through a cylindrical pipe based on pressure drop, radius, length, and fluid viscosity.
Pressure Calculator
Calculate pressure applied over a specific area. Solve for pressure, force, or area in Pascals, PSI, or Atmospheres.
Reynolds Number Calculator
Determine whether fluid flow is laminar or turbulent by calculating the Reynolds number based on fluid density, velocity, and viscosity.
Specific Gravity Calculator
Calculate the specific gravity (relative density) of a substance compared to water. Ideal for chemistry and fluid mechanics.
Specific Volume Calculator
Calculate the specific volume of a substance, which is the reciprocal of density. Essential for thermodynamics and fluid mechanics.
Stokes' Law Calculator
Calculate the drag force acting on a spherical object moving through a viscous fluid. Perfect for fluid dynamics calculations.
Surface Tension Calculator
Calculate the surface tension of a liquid based on the force applied and the length over which it acts. Solve fluid dynamics problems.
Terminal Velocity Calculator
Calculate the maximum terminal speed a falling object reaches in a fluid when the drag force equals the gravitational force.
Torricelli's Law Calculator
Calculate the velocity of fluid efflux from a hole at a given depth under the force of gravity using Torricelli's theorem.
Weber Number Calculator
Calculate the Weber number for fluid flows with an interface to analyze thin film flows and droplet formation in fluid dynamics.
Electromagnetism
(28)Ampere's Law (Solenoid) Calculator
Calculate the magnetic field inside an ideal solenoid using Ampere's Law. Solve for magnetic field strength (B) based on current, turns, and length.
Biot-Savart Law (Point Charge) Calculator
Calculate the magnetic field generated by a moving point charge. Essential for electromagnetism physics problems.
Capacitance Calculator
Calculate the capacitance, charge, or voltage of a capacitor. Instantly solve fundamental electronics and electromagnetism equations.
Capacitors in Parallel Calculator
Calculate the total equivalent capacitance of multiple capacitors connected in parallel. Instantly add microfarads (μF) or picofarads (pF).
Capacitors in Series Calculator
Calculate the total equivalent capacitance of capacitors connected in series. Uses the reciprocal addition formula for accurate electrical engineering results.
Coulomb's Law Calculator
Calculate the electrostatic force of attraction or repulsion between two point charges in a vacuum.
Current Calculator
Calculate the rate of flow of electric charge (Amperes). Solve for current using Ohm's Law or charge over time.
Electric Field Calculator
Calculate the magnitude of the electric field generated by a point charge. Solve for force, charge, or field strength.
Electric Flux Calculator
Calculate the total electric flux passing through a given surface area. Essential for Gauss's Law applications.
Electric Potential Calculator
Calculate the electric potential energy per unit charge (Voltage) at a specific distance from a source point charge.
Electrical Power Calculator
Calculate electrical power using voltage, current, and resistance. Solve basic DC circuit problems instantly.
Energy Stored in Capacitor Calculator
Calculate the potential energy stored within the electric field of a charged capacitor.
Faraday's Law Calculator
Calculate the induced electromotive force (EMF) in a coil due to a changing magnetic flux. Essential for electromagnetism.
Gauss's Law Calculator
Calculate the total electric flux out of a closed surface enclosing a given electric charge. Fundamental to Maxwell's equations.
Impedance Calculator
Calculate complex electrical impedance from resistance and reactance in AC circuits. Find the total opposition to alternating current.
Inductance Calculator
Calculate self-inductance based on magnetic flux and electric current. Essential for inductor and circuit design.
Joule Heating Calculator
Calculate the heat energy produced by an electric current flowing through a conductor over time. Essential for electrical safety.
Lenz's Law Calculator
Calculate induced EMF and determine the polarity and direction of induced current opposing the change in magnetic flux.
Magnetic Field (Straight Wire) Calculator
Calculate the magnitude of the magnetic field generated by a long, straight wire carrying an electric current.
Magnetic Flux Calculator
Calculate the total magnetic flux passing through a specific surface area at a given angle. Essential for electromagnetism calculations.
Ohm's Law Calculator
Calculate Voltage (V), Current (I), or Resistance (R) using Ohm's Law. Instantly solve fundamental electrical engineering equations.
Resistance Calculator
Calculate electrical resistance based on the material's resistivity, wire length, and cross-sectional area.
Resistors in Parallel Calculator
Calculate the equivalent resistance of 2-5 resistors in parallel instantly, with the reciprocal formula, shortcut, and worked examples.
Resistors in Series Calculator
Calculate the total equivalent resistance of resistors connected in a series circuit.
Resonant Frequency Calculator
Calculate the frequency at which an LC circuit naturally oscillates. Essential for radio, antennas, and electrical engineering design.
RLC Circuit Calculator
Calculate the total impedance of a series RLC circuit containing a resistor, inductor, and capacitor at a specific AC frequency.
Transformers Calculator
Calculate voltage, current, and turn ratios in an ideal electrical transformer. Essential for AC power circuit design.
Voltage Calculator
Calculate electric potential difference (voltage) given energy and charge, or use Ohm's law with current and resistance.
Thermodynamics
(23)Avogadro's Law Calculator
Calculate changes in volume and moles at a constant pressure and temperature using Avogadro's Law. Perfect for chemistry and physics problems.
Boyle's Law Calculator
Calculate changes in the pressure and volume of an ideal gas at a constant temperature. Instantly solve for initial or final states.
Carnot Efficiency Calculator
Calculate the maximum theoretical efficiency of a Carnot heat engine based on hot and cold reservoir temperatures.
Charles's Law Calculator
Calculate changes in volume and temperature of an ideal gas at a constant pressure. Essential for thermodynamics and chemistry calculations.
Combined Gas Law Calculator
Calculate pressure, volume, or temperature using the Combined Gas Law. Solves states for fixed amounts of ideal gases.
Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures Calculator
Calculate the total pressure from the sum of partial pressures of individual gases in a mixture. Essential for chemistry and atmospheric physics.
Enthalpy Calculator
Calculate the total enthalpy (heat content) of a thermodynamic system based on internal energy, pressure, and volume.
Entropy Calculator
Calculate the change in entropy for a reversible thermodynamic process. Measure the degree of disorder or randomness in a closed system.
Gay-Lussac's Law Calculator
Calculate changes in pressure and temperature of an ideal gas at a constant volume. Ideal for rigid container problems.
Gibbs Free Energy Calculator
Calculate the maximum reversible work that may be performed by a thermodynamic system at constant temperature and pressure.
Graham's Law Calculator
Calculate the ratio of rates of effusion for two gases based on their molar masses. Essential for chemistry and thermodynamics.
Heat Capacity Calculator
Calculate the total heat capacity of an object. Determine how much heat energy is required to raise the object's temperature.
Heat Transfer Calculator
Calculate the rate of conductive heat transfer through a material based on its thermal conductivity, area, thickness, and temperature difference.
Helmholtz Free Energy Calculator
Calculate the useful work obtainable from a closed thermodynamic system at a constant temperature and volume.
Ideal Gas Law Calculator
Calculate pressure, volume, temperature, or moles using the Ideal Gas Law. Solve standard thermodynamics and chemistry equations.
Latent Heat Calculator
Calculate the heat energy required for a phase change (melting, boiling) without a change in temperature using specific latent heat.
Newton's Law of Cooling Calculator
Calculate the temperature of an object as it cools over time, or find the cooling constant based on environmental temperatures.
Specific Heat Calculator
Calculate the specific heat capacity or the thermal energy required to change the temperature of a given mass of a substance.
Stefan-Boltzmann Law Calculator
Calculate the thermal power radiated by a black body based on its absolute temperature and surface area.
Thermal Conductivity Calculator
Calculate the thermal conductivity of a material based on heat transfer rate, thickness, area, and temperature difference.
Thermal Expansion Calculator
Calculate the linear expansion of a material due to a change in temperature using its coefficient of linear expansion.
Van der Waals Equation Calculator
Calculate real gas pressure, volume, or temperature using the Van der Waals equation. Accounts for intermolecular forces and molecular volume.
Wien's Displacement Law Calculator
Calculate the peak wavelength of black body radiation at a specific temperature using Wien's displacement constant.